This report deepens the analysis undertaken in 2020 on the functioning of the ECHR. It finds that cases of conflicts of interest between judges and NGOs have increased, even though the Court has adopted some measures to remedy this. The report also exposes a series of structural problems affecting the Court's impartiality and demonstrates that it is not up to the standards of other major international and national courts. In support of the ECHR reform process, this report presents a series of recommendations to address the problems identified.